Effective Processes of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Effective Processes of Management - Essay Example The strategic management processes are three: strategy analysis, strategy formulation and strategy implementation. These processes are strongly interrelated. None of these processes comes first and the others follow. The order of these processes is not sequential. Henry Mintzberg supports the idea that the decisions in an organization are not always taken on optimal rationality and that the business environment is not predictable. He proposed another model of strategic management where the realized strategy of an organization is a combination of deliberate and emergent strategies. The processes of the financial management are the following: financial planning and financial control. Financial planning controls the financial resources of the organization and it plans the timing and the size of expenses. The financial processes help the organization to generate profits. Financial planning tries to increase the resources of the organization and it takes care of the money invested in the organization by external third parties/investors. Talking about investors, financial planning takes care that the investors will receive reasonable amounts of return on their investments. Change management is a necessary component of any organizational performance improvement process to succeed, including programs like Six Sigma, Business Process Reengineering, Total Quality Management, Organizational Development, Restructuring and continuous process improvement. Strategic Human Resource Management includes strategies concerning learning and development. There is a distinction between learning and development. Pedler, Boydell, and Burgoyne (1989) see learning as being concerned with an increase in knowledge or a higher degree of an existing skill, whereas development is more towards a different state of being or functioning.

Human behavior in Late adulthood stage Essay Example for Free

Human behavior in Late adulthood stage Essay The paper will be focusing on the stages of psychosocial development specifically that of the Later Adulthood Stage. Though this stage of adulthood does not share the same significance to the other developmental stages in adulthood, especially to the earlier stages, at least in terms of how the individual sees his or her world in the context of one’s closing days of life and vice versa. Nevertheless, the Late Adulthood Stage remains of utmost significance for the reason that it holds one crucial aspect in the final development stage of an adult: the integrity of the ego. It must be noted at this point that the ego in the Late Adulthood Stage has already absorbed within the span of the individual’s life processes and life in general a considerable degree of experience. What remains in this stage are the radiations of past experiences that have not withered away with the forgetfulness of human memory, as well as the individual’s reformed perceptions of his or her world that have adapted to the series of changes in one’s environment and that have also shaped the very structure of the environment where one dwells in. A look into some of the significant details of this stage reveals the weight of this particular phase in contrast to the other stages in adulthood whereby the unique strands of psychosocial precepts that properly belong to this stage identifies it as more than just a culminating phase. Theoretical backgrounds In Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development, the Late Adult Stage summarizes its major tasks in the development of the adult in terms of introspection. This is primarily because this phase is essentially the stage wherein the individual is only able to perform fewer activities in contrast to the early years of one’s life where the person is actively participating, to a certain extent, in either leisure or work. Whereas younger people constantly interact with their surroundings and with other individuals, older people who belong to the last stage of human development are, in many cases, physically unable to meet the necessities required by leisure and work. For the most part, although the aged people can barely enjoin themselves in these physically challenging activities, the Later Adulthood stage in Erikson’s theory tells us that these individuals spend most of their time instead on recollecting in their memory the experiences they had in the early chapters of their lives. Thus, as one can observe among the elderly, their acts of relating stories of previous meddling with past events and persons reveal one aspect of human introspection. It manifests their attempt, at the very least, to cope with their physical inability or lacking in terms of mobility by contemplating on whatever is remaining in their memory. More importantly, the Later Adulthood stage highlights the inevitable fact in human life: death. As with the aged people, the wisdom they have acquired in their many endeavors during their younger days all point them to the inescapable fact of death thereby insinuating a sense of fear in their minds. As this fact is instilled in their thoughts, the elderly are eventually placed in a rather uncomfortable situation as their days are drawn closer to its closing chapters. This is the point wherein their views on both life and death are further defined by themselves, testing their maturity and emotional capability to accept such fact and to acquire the sufficient integrity and belief in their selves so as not to succumb to the fear of dying. Robert Havighurst, in his perception on the developmental tasks in the life of the individual, points our attention to his interpretation on the later maturity stage of the individual. He asserts that after the time of retirement from one’s occupation, the individual eventually undergoes several adjustments in the sense that the person begins to adapt a new lifestyle that fits the conditions that beset the individual. These conditions, especially after finally closing the window for a previous occupation, are reflected in many ways. A few of these conditions include relocating to a smaller house or the reduction in one’s income among many others. These circumstances ultimately brings changes, either drastic or gradual, to the living conditions in the life of the person that one is in turn prompted to realign one’s manner of living with new measures. In essence, Havighurst suggests that the elderly are more after the attempt at â€Å"holding on† to life rather than the actual seizing of the things that life has to offer. That is, the state of life of the elderly can be seen as one that is inclined to â€Å"maintain† life or the things that one already has in life rather than the expansion of it. To be taught of news ways of living entails not only the adoption of new approaches in dealing with the necessities brought about by age and one’s physical deterioration. It also entails the idea that these elderly people are bound to attempt at putting more effort in â€Å"holding on† to life, quite apart from the idea that they ought to broaden their perception of the world and their perception of both life and death. In the context of the theories that revolve around the analysis on the stages of human development in terms of the psychosocial perspective as well as the patterns of behavior exhibited by the elderly, we can fairly extract the idea as hypothesis that these patterns of behavior are the results of the developed perceptions of the elderly with the further realization of death or, at the very least, the deterioration of one’s health and living conditions. Methodology The participants in the interview are composed of 20 non-working elderly from the male and female genders with age 60 and above randomly chosen. All of the participants can understand and speak the English language, their primary language, and are residents of the United States of America. The religious orientation of the participants is Roman Catholicism as well as they are financially dependent on the insurance money they receive every month, apart from the medical assistance they are able to acquire from it. Moreover, the participants are now living on their own, with their families living in their respective homes separate from their elderly.

Study on Credit Risk and Credit Risk Management

Study on Credit Risk and Credit Risk Management Abstract The purpose of this research is to make clear the importance of credit risk management and how the firm can get the benefit by using different methodologies by different actions of credit risk management. Introduction Many institutions such as banking and enterprises are well-known to its clever usage of financial sources. The correct management of the financial sources and attributes makes it spirited for the organization to tolerate the different economic uncertainties and threats. In addition, the strategy on managing the risks can be the most attractive strategy of the company that cannot be deteriorated but can be passed through the next generations of other managers. Background and problem statement The evaluation of risks can be the fundamental strategy in all of the organizations. Through the assessment of the risks, the organization can create a subjective decision and well plan. This all can help the accomplishment draw out from the process. In the classification of various system that are concerned in the assessing and managing the risk, the credit risk management is an rising activity that lies within the organization. Many researches attempted to answer the remuneration of the credit management within the organization. However, it remained indistinct for the management on how to manage and the principle of the credit risk management. Literature Review The credit risk management is accepted among the banks and other financial resources. The main purpose of the credit risk management is to minimize or diminish the possessions of the non-performing loans came from the consumers. The procedures and processes of the banks and their affiliates create a great collision in the flow of the financial resources. However, various economic reservations, international markets, or financial constraints can cause the financial status to be unbalanced. Aside from the financial deficiencies, the other causes of the financial constraints are the lack of buoyancy among the financial market to provide external help for the needed consumers, lack of potential to gather the information of the consumers, and the lack of push to have an forceful debt collecting. The non-performing loans can definitely cause too much stagnation of the financial sources. To provide the credit risk management efficiently, the banks and other financial institutions should ass es the reliability of the loaners. In terms of an enterprise, the estimation of their credit portfolio is enough to provide a system that continuously promotes the reviewing the risks and the ability of the business enterprise to pay. It is very common that the banking process restrict the occurrence of the risks during every transaction; for this reason, the bank managers should also rely on the effectiveness of the imposed regulations to predict the future risks.   From the different financial indicators, the position of the institution on the market disappointment are still depends on the internal process and the actions of the people. The economic theory in banking encompasses the interest and income theory in which is the basis of the cash flow approach in bank lending (Akperan, 2005). Credit risk management needs to be a vigorous process that enables the banks to proactively manage the loan portfolios to minimize the losses and earn an acceptable level of return to its shareholders. The importance of the credit risk management is recognized by banks for it can establish the standards of process, segregation of duties and responsibilities such in policies and procedures sanctioned by the banks (Focus Group, 2007). Credit risks appear in banking institution because of the uncertainties plagued the financial system. The uncertainties remain a major challenge in country. Still, the major approaches applied by the banks are the continuing efforts on research and close monitoring. Banks believe that the research and monitoring are the key sources of uncertainties like data generating institutions and the treasury (Uchendu, 2009). The market structure is important in banking for it influences the competitiveness of the banking system and companies to access to funding or credit investment. The economic growth affects the structure and development of the banking system. In addition, the vast knowledge in risk assessment and managerial approach is recognized as part of the development. Moreover, because the banks and the processes are highly regulated, it became very useful in assessing the effects or impact of the credit risk management in the banks and even in other financial sources (Gonzalez, 2009 ). Research Objectives The first objective of the study is to convey the purpose as well as the center of the credit risk management. Second is to determine the different actions of the management or the managers regarding the credit risk management. Through this two interconnected objectives, the study can ascertain its common ground in discussing the essential parts of the credit risk management. The credit risk management is admired among the banks and other financial resources. The main purpose of the credit risk management is to reduce or diminish the possessions of the non-performing loans came from the consumers. Credit risk is an investors risk of loss arising from a borrower who does not make payments as promised. Such an event is known as a default. The other term for credit risk is default risk. Investor losses include lost principal and interest, decreased cash flow, and increased collection costs, which arise in a number of circumstances. Consumer does not make a payment due on a mortgage loan, credit card, line of credit, or other loan .Business does not make a payment due on a mortgage, credit card, line of credit, or other loan .A business or consumer does not pay a trade invoice when due .A business does not pay an employees earned salaries and wages when due A business or government bond issuer doesnt make a payment on coupon or principal payment when due .An insolvent insurance company does not pay a policy obligations .An insolvent bank wont return funds to a depositor .A government grants bankruptcy fortification an insolvent consumer or business .There are three types of credit risk. Default risk Credit spread risk Many companies use credit to pay for short-term supplies or to finance long-term growth. While most companies view loans and credit lines as a important part of business, those who understand how to alleviate credit risk are far more likely to succeed. This is because those lending money are viewing at credit risk when issuing any type of loan or credit line. To lessen credit risk a company wants to be sure it is not seeking more credit than it can credibly repay in a timely fashion. An emerging company may not want to grow in phases that allow it to recoup some of the debt spent. Companies can increase their credit rating, thus mitigate their credit risk, by starting to set up credit long before they need it. This can be adept with vendor credits, small business credit cards and loans. Your average balances in your bank accounts also help set up a lower credit risk. After all, if you have had an account for a long time with money in it to wrap debts and obligations, you are seen as credit-worthy. Mitigating credit risk Lenders mitigate credit risk by using several methods: Risk-based pricing: The Lenders generally charge a higher interest rate to borrowers, who are more likely to default, a term called risk-based pricing. A lender considers factors related to the loan such as loan purpose, credit rating, and loan-to-value ratio and estimates the effect on yield (credit spread). Covenants: Lenders may write provisions on the borrower, called covenants, into loan agreements: Periodically report its financial state. Cease from paying dividends, repurchasing shares, borrowing further, or other specific, voluntary actions that negatively affect the companys financial position Repay the loan in full, when the lender request, in certain events such as changes in the borrowers debt-to-equity ratio or interest coverage ratio Credit insurance and credit derivatives: The Lenders and bond holders may evade their credit risk by purchasing credit insurance or credit derivatives. These contracts move the risk from the lender to the seller (insurer) in exchange for payment. The common credit derivative is the credit default swap. Tightening: Lenders can overcome credit risk by reducing the amount of credit extended, either in total or to certain borrowers. For example, a distributor selling its products to a disturb retailer may attempt to lessen credit risk by reducing payment terms from net 30 to net 15. Diversification: Lenders to a small number of borrowers (or kinds of borrower) face a high degree of random credit risk, called concentration risk. Lenders lessen this risk by diversifying the borrower pool. Deposit insurance: Many governments set up deposit insurance to guarantee bank deposits of insolvent banks. Such protection discourages the consumers from withdrawing money when a bank is becoming insolvent, to shun a bank run, and motivate consumers to holding their savings in the banking system instead of in cash. Credit risk is risk due to uncertainty in a counterpartys (also called an obligors or credits) capability to meet its obligations. Because there are many types of counterparties—from individuals to partners and sovereign governments—and many different types of condition—from auto loans to derivatives transactions—credit risk takes many forms. organizations manage it in different ways. In evaluating credit risk from a single counterparty, an institution must consider three Default probability: What is the probability that the counterparty will default on its obligation either over the life of the compulsion or over some specified horizon, such as a year? Calculated for a one-year prospect, this may be called the expected default frequency. Credit exposure: In the experience of a default, how large will the outstanding obligation be when the default occurs? Recovery rate: In the event of a default, what portion of the exposure may be recovered through bankruptcy actions or some other form of settlement? When we speak of the credit quality of a requirement, this refers generally to the counterpartys capability to perform on that obligation. This encompasses both the obligations default probability and estimated recovery rate. To place credit exposure and credit quality in perception, recall that every risk include two elements: exposure and uncertainty. For credit risk, credit exposure represents the former, and credit quality represents the latter. Conclusion: From the above mentioned description it has cleared that credit risk management is the important aspect of any organization. If the management keeps in mind the methodologies and techniques mention in this study paper it can overcome this risk and can increase the value of the business.

Drinking Alcohol Causes Sexual Assault Essay -- Expository Cause Effec

Drinking Alcohol Causes Sexual Assault There is a definite correlation between alcohol and sexual assault. A sexual assault can be defined as a sexual act occurring without verbal consent, or when force is used in a sexual encounter against the other person's will. Of all the men who admit to committing sexual assault, 55% report being under the influence of alcohol at the time, with 26% of the men being drunk (Stanford University, 1999). Of all the women who report being sexually assaulted, 53% of them report being under the influence of alcohol, with 21% of these women being drunk (Stanford University, 1999). These facts suggest that alcohol is a major factor in sexual assaults. Crimes such as these could be greatly reduced if alcohol was not in the picture. Unfortunately, there are many sexual assaults, or rapes, per year. According to the Affirmative Action Office at Iowa State University, there have been at least two reported rapes per weekend since classes have begun this year. Throughout the United States in 1996, there were 98,000 completed rapes, and 219,000 attempted rapes (Stanford University, 1999). Most of these assaults were upon women. In fact, women were ten times more likely than men to become victims of rape or sexual assault in 1996, a reality that still holds true (Stanford University, 1999). The number of sexual assaults upon men is so minor that statistics are rarely given. Alcohol plays a major factor in many sexual assault and rape cases. There are many reasons for why alcohol is such a clear component of sexual assault. The first reason that many assaults involve alcohol is that it has severe effects on the human body. The effects of alcohol on a man and woman are different. When a man co... ...xual assault, act responsibly around alcohol, or steer clear of it completely Works Cited Abbey, Antonia. "Acquaintance Rape and Alcohol Consumption on College Campuses." Journal of American College Health. Vol. 39, January 1991. http://www2.bitstream.net/~alpropes/resc/al Alcohol and Acquaintance Rape: Strategies to Protect Yourself and Each Other. The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Center. 1995. http://www.edc.org/hec. Alcohol Impairment Chart. The National Clearing house for Alcohol and Drug Information. Oct. 1998. http://www.health.org/pubs/qdocs/alcohol-bad-chrt.htm Rohypnol Facts- The "Date Rape Drug." Midland Police Service. 4 March 1999. http://www.police.midland.on.ca/rohypnol.html The Relationship Between Alcohol and Sexual Assault. Stanford University. 1999 http://www.stanford.edu/group/bbeam/alcohol

Coming of Age in Mississippi-Book Report

â€Å"Coming of Age in Mississippi† by Anne Moody is an autobiographical account of a black woman living in South struggling against the centuries old racial discrimination by the white. She passed through almost identical incidences like other members of her race bearing humiliation and disgraceful treatment from the upper white class. Anne Moody narrates the story of herself growing up in Mississippi when racial discrimination against the blacks was the peak.In her account, Anne Moody describes the adversities of living in the â€Å"south† where the black population had just started their struggle for equal rights. The life was pathetic for the Negroes with little hopes for emancipation. The details are well described in an easy language and style moving the reader by the depth and emotional appeal it contains. The sentence structure is not so good for Moody not being a professional writer. Anne Moody tells the incredible events of her early childhood living in a hous ehold of divorced parents and extreme poverty.She provides a glance over the several death warnings and intentional massacre of her family members and friends by the powerful whites. She developed a consequent hatred not only for the whites for her own race too as she writes in the book, â€Å"I was 15 years old when I began to hate people†¦ I hated all the whites who were responsible for the countless murders†¦ But I also hated Negroes. I hated them for not standing up and doing something about the murders† (129).The life for her and other blacks was no different from that in the slavery days of pre-Civil War period. She tells about a society in which no one wanted to live in peace and tranquility. Anne Moody’s narrative includes events comparable to both Martin Luther King’s and Henry David Thoreau’s Civil Rights tactics, Anne was highly influenced by King. Her book is written in into four parts covering different stages of her life; childhood , high school years, college years and participation in the civil rights movement.These stages greatly resemble King’s four point program of gathering facts, self-purification, negotiation, and direct action (King 290). â€Å"Black Boy† by Richard Wright is another account similar to Anne’s. an autobiography initially published in 1945, focus on the many hardships African Americans faced as individuals and families. Similar to Anne’s, Richard's father his family when he was very young. They were left with their mother making her to be devastated by and ending up with a stroke.Richard had to start working at a prime age to look after his mother and siblings. The two narratives are only different being penned by and from a male and female perspective. Anne’s book is about the inner struggle within her and about the conflicts she had with society and her own fellow blacks. The title of the book, â€Å"Coming of Age in Mississippi† clearly talks of the subject matter inside. It is a story of growing up or coming of age, getting mature in a highly divided society in the state of Mississippi undergoing a struggle and change.It provides an insight and understanding of historical importance of the events taking place in the years of Civil Rights Movement. The book gives a good evaluation of the sufferings of the black population and their hard struggle for getting petty and basic rights. Works Cited King, Martin Luther Jr. â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail† from A Testament of Hope. Harper Collins, 1991 Moody, Anne. Coming of Age in Mississippi. Delta, New York, February 2004 Wright, Richard. Black Boy. Harper Perennial Modern Classics. September 1, 1998

How did the group plan for a range of audience responses? Essay

Through our performance we wanted to convey a series of responses from the audience based around the many different feelings you can experience if you were trapped. As the topic didn’t really allow for the dynamics you can create with humour, we had to enable the audience to mentally separate their emotional response for each scene, in order for them to feel a new emotional experience. We did this by carefully planning the emotional journey we wanted to take them on, by first easing them into feeling scared – with the kidnapping scene, and eventually taking them to the paranoia featured in the final scene. We even monitored how the audience responded to the performance by asking them to fill in a questionnaire. In the first set of scenes which revolved around the kidnapping of a little girl, we wanted the audience to be shocked at the fact that this can happen in broad daylight. We therefore set the scene at the end of a school day, with the kidnapper stood in audiences view watching the little girl. This immediately creates suspense within the audience as they know something is going to happen. When the girl slowly follows her and reluctantly holds her hand we wanted the audience to feel shock and helplessness. The second part of this scene was a news report on the kidnapping. This scene was one that we planned to be short, yet grasp the audience’s attention and make them realise the seriousness of the situation. Though this scene was simple with its lighting and no sound effects, it was evident that the audience felt concerned. One of the scenes where we intended to emotionally shock the audience was mentioned many times through the questionnaires. It was the scene in which the mother interacts with the audience. For this we intended to use a Brechtian technique of breaking the fourth wall, and ‘mingling’ with the audience. We wanted her tone of voice to be very screechy and powerless to shock the audience into really believing that she has lost her child, and the use of close eye contact makes them feel inadequate to help. The audience said that they felt disturbed by closeness of the interaction between Laura (the mother) and themselves. We wanted to continue the Brechtian theme through the use of placards, as they create visual captions that interrupt and summarize the action. We planned to shout at the audience to make them feel uncomfortable. Another change is made when we add some loud and fast drum and bass music, and in corporate flashing lights. We thought that by creating something visually stimulating, we could make the audience feel vulnerable. Using physical theatre, we as a group wanted to physically represent being trapped. Charlotte (who played the girl being kidnapped), and then violently shaking and moving whilst Charlotte attempts, yet fails to escape and reach out. We planned to provoke an emotion of vulnerability and powerlessness but in such a way, that it would shock the audience. The use of physical theatre explicitly allows the audience to actually ‘see’ the scene, and leaves it open to interpretation. Also, the anorexia scene was a mixture of both naturalism – with the character of Sophie – and surrealism, in that Charlotte is physically representing anorexia. This in its own right should make the audience uncomfortable and nervous. Like Antonin Artaud’s theatre of cruelty, we wanted to create a character that’s physical representation would shatter the false reality and disturb the audience. That is how we came up with Anna’s character. However we firstly wanted the audience to feel sorry for Sophie (the character with anorexia, played by me), so we gave her a monologue in which she gradually became weaker as she was talking. This use of breaking the fourth wall by addressing the audience was intentional, as it would create an intimate connection with the audience. I started off with a confident tone of voice, but gradually got quieter and my body language more timid as I came to the end of my monologue. We thought that the use of monologues would help to engage the audience. The emotional journey we planned to take Sophie on was to give her a range of emotions, so the scene didn’t become dull and lose audience interest. The contrasts of the shouting at Anna, and then running away crying, were an attempt to take the audience on the same journey I was experiencing. When Sophie collapses at the end, it signifies her physical and mental exhaustion, that again we wanted the audience to feel after watching the performance. The poverty scene was used, in order to show the selfishness within our society, and how we ‘turn a blind eye’ to what is right in front of us. We wanted to use physical theatre to make the piece quite abstract. In order to do this we again thought a Brectian technique would work well, as we didn’t want the audience to be spoon fed there emotions. This method of distancing ourselves from the audience was a great way of allowing the audience to question what they are seeing. We wanted them to create there own interpretation of the scene and how they really felt about the issue of poverty. As there were no words, we used music which we felt embodied a lot of feeling. At one point in the music, the rhythm changed. We decided this would be a good point to interact with the audience, so we looked up and stared at them. This was an attempt to single out the audience members, in a way as if to say ‘you can change this’. We also repeated the scene again but with masks. We wanted to represent the facelessness of society, and how people are too self involved to see what is going on around them. However, after reading the questionnaires we had asked the audience to fill in, many of them wrote down that they didn’t understand the scene, especially when with the masks. We maybe could have thought this scene through a little more, and perhaps not have used the masks as it just seemed to confuse the audience, which we did not want to do. In conclusion, the groups plan for a range of audience responses was really dependant on what type of technique we wished to follow. As we have studied many practitioners and their theories; we felt that using a variety of different acting styles and techniques, we could plan and create our desired audience responses. However, we also had to consider the genre and context of the scene, so that we could create the response that we wished the audience to have.

Human Skill Essay Example

Human Skill Essay Example Human Skill Paper Human Skill Paper Abstract Now, more than ever, businesses or organizations have begun to focus on the important role of Employer and Employee relationships. In review of Stalemates Organizational Management Leadership, Human Skills are noted as the second fundamental characteristic that a manager needs to possess besides Technical and Conceptual Skills. Human Skills are needed so that communication can be delivered and received effectively with positive results. Communications must be clear, concise and understandable by all parties involved. The reasoning for this is: the better the communication is delivered, the better the feedback will be. All messages that are transmitted either verbally, written or non-verbal has a meaning; the vocal tones, writing or the way a message is presented can convey a good or bad feedback from the receiver. Overall, communications plays a very important role in business and personal lives; therefore, how it is relayed depends solely on the delivering party. Human Skills In todays society, peoples communicate with one another In different ways. These ways may be mobile to mobile, chat to chat, Instating, Social Networking Sites I. E. , Twitter, Backbone; all of which may be verbal, written or non-verbal, However, when e communicate, it must be clear and understandable in order to receive proper feedback. In the day to day routine of friendly casual conversation (person to person), one doesnt really to the extreme for communication to reach its fullest potential because we too often use the slang approach whether vocally or in writing, In the business or employment area, communication skills are a much needed asset and then, how we relate as humans is essential to position status, ambitions, achievements and employment development; this Is where Human Skills come Into play. What Is the Meaning of Human Skills According to Easterlies Organizational Management Leadership, Human Skills are the managers ability to interact and work well with others, (Easterlies, Pig. 12). Managers must be able to relate with others, including their subordinates, in a way that is very clear, concise and understandable. When a manager does not understand something that is communicated to him or her in writing, verbal or non- verbal form, questions should be asked for clarity. Clarification stems for the top (Corporate-Executive Level), Middle (Management Leadership) and the Bottom (Subordinate-Blue Collar) Level. What are the Fundamentals of Human Skills The greatest asset of good leadership or management is when a person has the ability to get along with another entity regardless of the circumstances or situations. He or she should be able to Interact well with another. However, when a leader communicates with other Individuals, the statement or message should be thought upon first. Why Is this? Hastiness and outbursts are follies for negative feedbacks. By phone, and of course in person. I have heard it said that the most common word used in conversation is the word I. We speak highly of ourselves, and to our shame, e have slandered anothers reputation with our choice of speech. We literally speak thousands of idle words each day, (Articles. Com 2009). This particular saying doesnt necessary pinpoint how communication should be handled between the one sending the message and the receiver of the message, but, it does implies that one needs to be selective in his/or choice of words because what we say and how we say things can and will demean ones character to the extent that feedback may be received negatively or not at all. Therefore; managers must also have a good understanding of what is or should be communicated and how it should be incommunicado to others. To ensure that communication is clear and understandable, by both parties, for positive feedback to be warranted, these steps should be initiated: a) Make sure your non- verbal communication matches your message that is being delivered?this clearly states that one should consider their tone(s), facial expression or body movements. These elements can lead one to believe or think the opposite of what is actually being delivered. For example, a frown can mean you are angry when you are not or a nod, taken to mean k when you had the inclination to move your head. B) Remove or avoid barriers-attractions are considered things that causes interference, so, try and stay clear of noisy equipment-noise in general. A quiet surrounding would be the applicable place to hold meeting or communicate with others. This will prevent the likelihood of one having to repeat themselves because someone was unable to hear. C) Consider using powerful words and words that have specific meaning?do not use words like might or think which leaves room for unclear communication. Be specific, give an exact timeshare or date and be very confident in what is being delivered. -Know the facts. D)Ask questions when you have delivered your message?this is to ensure that everyone understands and does not leave room for negative results. If someone has problems with what was said, it doesnt hurt to reiterate and explain exactly whats unacceptable and acceptable or what is expected and what is not, (Anderson, Blobs to Communication, Copyright 2011). The Importance of Human Skills Many businesses or corporations hire peoples that are skillful in the use of computers, technical skills, training and communication but there are other concepts to interpersonal relationships between the leader and employee: a) Being a Good Listener does not apply to only the subordinates but it to the Managers as well. A company cannot operate off of the ideas of only one person; so when an employee has something to say, Management should be attentive. When a conflict or disagreement arises between two employees, both parties reasoning should be heard. When Management and an employee disagree and it cannot be resolved at their level, a Superior Staff should be notified and then both sides heard for a resolution. B) Be a Team Player: Managers and employees should be able to function as a TEAM. At church, we are taught that each auxiliary (Mother Board, Deacon Board, Ministerial Staff, Choir, Ushers, Custodial Staff, Sunday School, Bible Class) cannot function on its own, assistance is needed from all bodies. Take for instance, the human body. The hand cannot move with the help of the arm, the foot organization, get to know your employees-, their behaviors, attitudes, weakness and strengths. Be able to provide motivational techniques, encouraging words to help then accomplishment a particular task when he or she thinks the odds are against them. Do not say what you will or will not do to your employees. Lead by example, for positive, productive and nourishing working environment. C) When a group of individuals work together on a day-to-day basis, eight or more hours a day, confusion and disagreement is will show its ugly head sooner or later. This is where being a Good Listener manifest itself (subtopic A). Do not show favoritism or partiality. No two individuals are the same and therefore, he or she should not be treated as such. The Manager should be fair, firm, flexible, yet attentive, in all matters. In Psalms 73, ASAP trusts God, yet he is somewhat disturbed about life (world) being unfair. God is fair and always will be. Yet, in society, situation occurs when the sinful man profits and it seems at naught for the Christian, (Relevant Bible Teaching. Com). But, God tells us that it rains on the Just as well as the unjust-here God in showing no partiality. The world in His and the fullness thereof and be blesses whom He may. Being carnal minded and looking at how the wicked is fairing can cause a stumbling block, if not rooted in the word of God. It may make one wonder, Can I do the same as him or her and reap the benefits. Yes, you may but there is a price for disobedience. One may think he or she has gotten away but in Hebrews 9:27 and Romans 2:6, it is stated that God will render the Just reward for all deeds done in this body, whether good or bad. In this world, we pay a penalty, if caught and when one dies there is a Judgment that me must meet with God alone. So, it behooves, us as Christian and even those who knows, to be fair or impartial, whether in business or personal experiences, (Relevant Bible Teaching. Com). Human communication skills are a broad field. There are many dos and dont to consider. Interpersonal skills, how you communicate with others, is a key to success. As a manager, you just be aware and knowledgeable of your shortcoming in communication. If you have weakness, it will not hurt to practice with a colleague to provide pointers or gesture on the areas that need improvements. It is also beneficial to watch others that delivery good, effective communication. You can learn by incorporating some of their techniques in your presentation; but, always remember that you can only be you and not anyone else. Be yourself, and works on what motivates you and your subordinates. If you have problems with what you should reflect upon or say, make notes and study what you write-this will help prevent a loss for words. All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, 17 that the man of God[a] may be complete, equipped for every good work, (The Holy Bible, 2 Timothy 3:16). The Bible states that we are to study the scriptures for ourselves and get a clear understanding so that we cannot be lured into the wrong direction or presented misleading advice. It will correct us and convict us. So, for a manager to decisively notate their weaknesses; it will help him or her to make corrections and be better prepared in the works of communications. Commitment is a requirement to be an effective communicator when interacting with others. A manager or leader must be committed and time has to be employed communicate with others, verbally or non-verbally; yet, it stills requires putting forth effort. Just as a singer is gifted with the talent of signing, it is necessary to invest time in training to further develop his or her vocals and to keep the current vocal capacities active. Peoples change Just as trends, so managers need to know their employees, what makes them a self-starter, what agitates them. As an effective manager, one must not speak in double meaning; say one thing ND their actions state another. Managers but be honest and truthful in expressing himself or herself and look for the well-being of their subordinates. When an employee has determined that the management, under which they are assigned, is ethical is the employer-employee relationship, morale will increase in the workplace because a bond of loyalty, (the willingness to remain faithful to the interest of others and concern for followers), (Easterlies, Pig. 8) and trust,(the willingness of a party to be vulnerable to the actions of another party based on the expectation that the other ill perform a particular action important to the trust or, irrespective of the ability to monitor or control that other part as a positive expectation that another will not act opportunistically) (Easterlies, Pig. ) has developed. It also motivates the employees to perform at their best level of achievements and standards. In this relationship, the manager is direct the employees in a positive way. In-service training will be provided when deemed necessary and when problems occur on and off the boundaries of the worksheet, the manager should still possess a positive attitude and rye to provide any ways of assistance or referral to help resolve the situation. The achievement of a business or organization depends upon management and the employees. Good leadership leads to good employees when all negative facets are cast or removed from within the relationship. Employees respect sound Judgments and support from their employers. A leader or manger that show a lack of respect for other positions, causes division among employees, shows a lack of interest for others concerns or problems and will not support or stand behind what he or she communicated, will not be respected by employees nor will employees work at their least potential. The working environment will not be friendly and compassionate. Friction develops and soon hostility and resentment will surface also. Managers must deter all unethical practices or choices. Employees must not be allowed to take down on other employees. Employees cannot be made to like another individual but they must show respect to one another in the workplace. Employees should not be allowed to leave a task unfinished, when time has permitted, for another employee to complete. Employees should not be permitted to disrespect others by using name calling, using derogatory comments or profanity. Managers should follow the same attributes. In the workplace, when managers and employees are on one accord, unity will abound. Rules and regulations will be adhered too and following the managers specified lines of communication will be understandable and honored. However, in supervision of subordinates, both parties must realize that there are barriers that cannot be crossed or broken. Managers have specific tasks and functions to carry out differently from those of employees; and employees have specific tasks and functions to carry out differently from those of their leaders or managers. When this is understood by both, the employee and employer, it helps to establish a good communicate. It should then be evident that the leader or manager is only as strong, efficient and productive as the employees. The manager needs the support of the followers as well as the followers need the support of their leader or manager. A manager left to make all the decisions or ideas without input from others will create confusion. The confusion comes when there is no outside input because the manager will see whats only best for him or her, not realizing that others ideas plays n important part in establishing a business and epitomizing an emerging workforce.

Long beach essays

Long beach essays One of the huge concerns in Long Beach currently is the security at the Port of Long Beach. Since 9/11, there have been many security concerns all over the nation. With the Port of Long Beach being the second busiest container seaport in the United States, after only Los Angeles, security is a big concern. In seeing that the Port of Long Beach is one of the busiest in the country, there are endless possibilities of security glitches that can occur. Port officials have to be conscious of monitoring drug trafficking, the importing and exporting of illegal materials and substances, and so on. Since the Port is a leading gateway for the U.S. Asia trade, and the demand for goods from Asia has grown tremendously in recent years, the Port contributes immensely to our economy through business and providing an abundant amount of jobs for our community. So it is extremely important to keep our Port as safe as possible. Currently, the city has already set up The Board of Harbor Commissi oners. The five-member board is responsible for setting policy for the port and the management and control of the Harbor Department. So there already exists a board to oversee the issues regarding the port and take responsibility for the activities taking place at the port. I would just make sure one of their main focuses be a concentration on keeping security policies updated. Also I believe that there is never too much security. The more security there is, the better. So I would propose a bill to use a percentage of the ports revenue to increase security personnel and security equipment to further counteract any security problems that may occur. Since there are so many chances for security problems to occur and the great growth of technology that is available for criminal to utilize, there is no way that we can take a passive role to counteracting security issues at the Port. We must take an active role to keep one step ah...

Poetry Explication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poetry Explication - Essay Example Thomas used words as a brick layer may use mortar, the words served to hold the meaning in place, â€Å"what the words stood for, symbolized, or meant, was of very secondary importance; what mattered was the sound of them as I heard them for the first time†(Ferris, pp. 25). It was not uncommon for Thomas to discuss the idea of death in his work. In one such poem, A Refusal to Mourn the Death, By Fire, of a Child in London, Thomas deals directly with the death of a child and the emotions that follow, â€Å"The majesty and burning of the childs death./I shall not murder† (Thomas, lines 13-14). Thomas seems to pull the idea of challenging the finality of death into this piece just as he does in Do Not Go Gently into that Good Night. Thomas deals with the reoccurring theme of death in several of his works in such a way as to challenge death itself and the aftermath felt by people who lose loved ones. This is an essential way in which to deal with the natural reality of deat h and Thomas does so through the use of language. Ultimately, Thomas wrote the piece entitled A Refusal to Mourn the Death of a Child, By Fire, in London as a way of illustrating his detest for the Nazi’s and their actions in World War II. Thomas was very in favor of the allied forces, and though he loved love intrinsically and saw the death of a child as the ultimate horror, he was not going to acknowledge the actions of the German forces in any way. This poem was his way of embracing life and refusing to be defeated by the hatred of the Nazi forces and what they stood for. The very first line of Thomas’ poem Do Not GO Gently into that Good Night, imposes instructions to the reader, â€Å"Do not go gently into that good night† (Thomas, line 1). This is the heart of the poem in that Thomas is essentially illustrating that there is an inevitable journey to be made but that one should not make this journey without resistance. The next line establishes the

Foundation Built Natural Environment Coursework

Foundation Built Natural Environment - Coursework Example There are two separate departments in the local council that process building warrants and planning permissions (Glover, 2009, pp.17-19). Difference between Building and Planning Control Building Control is the process done by the local council to ensure that properties meet the set legal standards in building works. These regulations are in place to guarantee the durability and safety of every construction. Sometimes, these standards are modified from time to time. For example, generally, building standards are more lax in south England compared to north Scotland. This is due to the harshness of weather in the latter. On the other hand, Planning Control is the process done by the local council to decide whether a construction is acceptable. Aspects such as local preferences and needs, smell, sound, and sight are taken into account before any permission is granted (Glover, 2009, pp.26-27). Building Warrant A Building Warrant is issued as a legal permission to start any construction o r demolition of a property or building. This warrant is granted upon meeting the set legal standards of Building Control. It is a common yet inaccurate belief that Building Warrants are only necessary for structural changes. On the contrary, Building Warrants ensure that the minimum standards for the convenience, interest, protection, and health of the people inside and outside the property or building are met. ... g Warrant is not called for, compliance with the set legal building standards must be carried out, unless the nature of alteration is â€Å"like for like.† (Glover, 2009, pp.31-33) Planning Permission Planning Permissions are different from Building Warrants. They are required in land development plans that are usually comprised of changes of use for, or expansions, of properties. Planning permissions are also at times required for works to trees, listed building consent, demolitions within conservation areas, and outside advertisements. If the alterations are internal, such as the case in most private homes, they do not require Planning Permissions as some of these works are considered â€Å"permitted developments† or are not seen as â€Å"developments.† Although most do not apply to subdivided or flatted residential properties, planning legislation set the requirements for â€Å"permitted developments.† In any case, one should be aware that Building Warr ants may still be required for internal developments or expansions that do not require Planning Permissions (Glover, 2009, p.38). Application for a Building Warrant Building Control surveyors are part of the local council that are in charge of processing Building Warrants. An applicant should fill out application forms and pay the corresponding Building Warrant fee. Details of proposed work should come as an attachment to the application. Fees are based on the estimated cost of the expansion, development, or demolition. Applications are assessed based on the existing building policies and standards, and could take up around three weeks before the issuance of a Building Warrant. Building Control department should be informed when the work will start, and upon satisfactory completion, a surveyor will check the work for the

The various nursing intervention approaches to descrease pain among Research Paper

The various nursing intervention approaches to descrease pain among patients with sickle cell disease - Research Paper Example globin chain and is usually found from people of African-American, Middle Eastern, African, Afro-Caribbean, Indian or Mediterranean descent (McMahon, Callaghan, O'Brien, and Smith, 2002, 183) This condition usually results in haemoglobin with increased blood viscosity, dehydration, acidosis, or infection polymerise with less deformable red cells (McMahon et al, 2002). The symptoms of SCD which results to vascular occlusion are painful hand-foot syndromes, cerebrovascular occlusions, chest syndromes, and splenic sequestration resulting to splenic atrophy. It is characterized by the failure of the spleen to function optimally even in the first months of birth that usually leads to overwhelming pneumococcal infection, usually at 20% mortality rate for patients under 5 years old (Overturf, 1999). Since access to health care is seen as one of the main problems for SCD patients (Routhieaux, Sarcone, Stegenga, 2005), it becomes important to identify ways to mitigate its most immediate or im portant effect on patient which is pain described as chronic, acute or both. Pain management is an important element of care for SCD patients and related to pain management are to identify pain treatment, control or reduction. Quality of life is an overarching goal for sick patients even those with genetic disorders such as SCD. Pain reduction is usually related to increased patient satisfaction and improved quality of life even in conditions of disease and chronic pain (Adegbola, 2009). Chronic pain has been reported by people with SCD even when they now have chances of living a longer life (Adegbola, 2009). Use of pain relieving, controlling and treatment method for patients with SCD is then important for the determination of quality delivery of health care services. Various methods are employed in Hospitals settings to treat SCD patients in reducing, controlling, and treating pain. These are influenced by the pain assessor, patient access, affordability, availability, knowledge a nd orientation of administrator, and other factors that may be present during prescription or administration. This research will identify these methods and their frequency of use among patients 18 years old and below. -Purpose of the study The purpose of this study is to identify the pain reduction methods used during in nursing intervention and care for patients with SCD. Through identification of these methods and their result on quality of care, nursing professionals may be provided with a guide which method or methods best suit patients with ages below 18 years old. Sickle cell disease is characterized by painful experiences of patients of all ages. In the United States alone, there are about 75,000 people with SCD and that 1 out of 12 African Americans have the sickle cell trait. While it has been suggested that chronic pain is more prevalent and severe during the earlier years of study about the disease, there still are reported daily experiences of pain by SCD patients in mor e recent cases (Adegbola, 2009). The study will identify and chronicle the methods used in reducing or removing pain among SCD patients below eighteen (18) years old during the period January 2009 to January 2010 at Kendall Regional Hospital in-patient section. The findings will aid nurses whose and care providers to determine which best will fit their requirement or need of their patients aged 18 years old and below as well as inform them of available options and best practices in SCD pain management. -Specific aims The specific aim of this study is

Marginalized people of the Atlantic world Research Paper

Marginalized people of the Atlantic world - Research Paper Example First of all who are these marginalized people? Since, it is implied from its name that marginalized people are those who were living on margins or on edges. Yes, these are those people who are living on the lines of Atlantic coasts. These people adopted piracy as their only source of income due to many reasons such as racism, biasness, unemployment, unstable economic conditions, governmental ambitions, and many more. This paper discusses each of these reasons in fairly manner and in the justifies the role of pirates in an efficient manner. For years, pirates were the major cause of damage to the Atlantic world. Whatever it looks now, it is because pirates have done lots of destruction in that area. Their cruelties and inhuman activities last for almost thirteen years. It was all started in the end of 17th century and in the start of 18th century. Being accurate, it began in 1715 and ended up in 1728. It might not look a huge period to the listeners or readers but it was an era of ca lamities and disasters for all the victims around the Atlantic world. The piracy was so voguish in that epoch that in the history that time is termed as the Golden Age of Piracy. For pirates yes it was a very blissful and harmonious period of time when they achieved almost everything they aimed for. They gathered lots of gold, silver, and other treasures for them. They were very keen and focused towards their goal of being rich as early as possible. Therefore, they have adopted the shortest and illegal way to collect money for them. Now, let us explore what piracy truly is? And what were the major problems in the Atlantic history? In general terms, Piracy is an extremely criminal activity in which pirates plunder ships and communities around a certain area. The piracy executed in the Atlantic region is remembered even today and is considered as the most terrifying act of that eon. In that area, piracy was at its peak because there were lots of opportunities for this kind of inhuman activity. All the trade from the Europe to Africa went through this passage and pirates found it an excellent occasion for themselves. This trade between Europe and Africa has truly flourished piracy in its actual means. The pirates of that area were mostly belonged to Europe i.e. from Scotland, England, Wales, Ireland, and so on. Few of them were from Africa i.e. France, Portugal, Denmark, Belgium, Sweden, and so on. I think that is enough of what piracy is? Now let us bend the discussion of the paper towards the other side of story and that is what made these pirates, actually pirate? And also, why those people preferred piracy as their occupation and rejected all other reputable vocations? Generally, being a common man we just comment on what happened and do not think about why this happened. Whereas there is a valid reason behind everything, that is why whenever we talk about a crime, we should keep in mind that there are few things that should not be overlooked while considerin g anyone a criminal. Firstly, what is the mental condition of the person who has committed the crime? Secondly, what crime has been committed and in what scenarios? And last but not the least, the location where the crime has been committed? Though laws for all sorts of crimes are there and it does not accept these things but as we are human beings, we can think the other way and thus we should keep in mind these things while coming to any decision regarding any person. There were many reasons for which people of the Atlantic world have chosen piracy as their profession instead of doing otherwise. The later part of this

Marketing outline of a selected organisation Assignment

Marketing outline of a selected organisation - Assignment Example Marketing strategy takes into consideration a thorough analysis of external and internal environments. Marketing mix modelling is a key factor during scanning of internal environment. This aspect even includes analysis of strategic constraints and its overall performance. The external environmental factors mainly comprises of target market analysis, customer analysis, competitor analysis along with evaluation of external environmental factors such as political, economic, legal, social and technological. Marketing strategies designed by an organization usually differs from another organization. These strategies are highly dependent on particular business scenario. Real life marketing needs to focus on external environmental conditions, market opportunity, uncertainties, and optimum utilization of available resources. In this study wide array of marketing concepts shall be applied on a UK based organization called Tesco. Tesco is a renowned multinational general merchandise and grocery retailer based in United Kingdom. The company has its retail stores located across 12 countries and is regarded as UK’s grocery market leader. Across the globe Tesco is considered to be second largest retailer in terms of revenue margins. The organization was founded in 1919 and since then it has implemented best marketing strategies. There are widespread aspects which are followed while designing its marketing strategy. Firstly different products or services of Tesco possesses specific target market segment. Their overall positioning strategy states that the firm is focused towards offering quality products at reasonable price. This marketing concept has enabled the company to remain competitive in the market place. In recent scenario the company has diversified into many areas like books, petrol, furniture, clothing, toys, electronics, financial services, internet, telecom, etc. This kind of diversification has supported the company to acquire greater percentage of

Lagal and Illegal Access to Personal Information Online Essay

Lagal and Illegal Access to Personal Information Online - Essay Example Where the computer era has devised numerous ways to work more quickly, efficiently, professionally and resourcefully, it has brought with it what we call cyber-crime -- misusing other people’s information without their permission and knowledge. The topic to be discussed here is about the risks and hazards of information being misused over the internet. The worst part about cyber-crime is that it is much easier to escape from it without revealing identity or improvising a false identity. The reason for it is, of course, the resourcefulness of the internet and the fact that it is away from any kind of physical presence. Moreover, it is very easy to replicate data on the internet to get involved in different kinds of crimes. With the increasing technological trends and movement towards cyber space so rapidly, it is inevitable that soon the cyber world will be dealt with a separate set of rules and regulation, laws and globalization. It is not long before divisions within the cybe r space will be dealt like a separate state just like physically existing country (Wall, 2007, p.10). What is needed here is that we deal with the dark side of moving towards technology in a way that we are safe from its harmful effects in the long run, that most people fail to realize at the moment. Thesis Statement An analysis of the reasons of internet crime along with its consequence leads to a technological challenge -- whether the harmful consequences outweigh the benefits of internet and what should be done to reduce crime involving unethical practices of hacking, identity theft, crime in e-commerce and social networking. Categories of Cyber Crime Cyber Crime is divided into many categories. These include spam, availability of obscene content, threats, misinformation, cyber terrorism and fraud. With such a huge variety of crime going on the internet, it becomes very easy to exploit the users (Brenner, 2010, p.8). The users also come into several categories, from amateurs to p rofessionals and naive people who do not realize the harmful implications that the usage of internet might cause. The greatest misuse of internet is taking place in the following domains: †¢ E-commerce   †¢ Social networking   †¢ Identity theft   †¢ Hacking   From amongst the above given domains, E-Commerce and Social Networking will be discussed in greater depth. E-Commerce is defines as exchange of goods and services over the internet involving Business transactions, buying and selling as well as the World Wide Web (Bushry, 2005, p.3). Social Networking refers to online networks that allow people to communicate over the internet and build social relations and broad networks ( Stenzel & Nesdahl, 2012 p.19). Identity Theft is the stealing of someone else’s identity and pretending to be someone else, impersonating to be another person or using their identity such as their name or credentials (Boyer, 2008, p.7). Hacking means to identify weaknesses i n other networks and take over their networks and later on, misuse them (Brenner, 2010, p.11). E-Commerce Electronic Commerce as defined above is a rapidly growing concept that allows exchange of good

Marginalized people of the Atlantic world Research Paper

Marginalized people of the Atlantic world - Research Paper Example First of all who are these marginalized people? Since, it is implied from its name that marginalized people are those who were living on margins or on edges. Yes, these are those people who are living on the lines of Atlantic coasts. These people adopted piracy as their only source of income due to many reasons such as racism, biasness, unemployment, unstable economic conditions, governmental ambitions, and many more. This paper discusses each of these reasons in fairly manner and in the justifies the role of pirates in an efficient manner. For years, pirates were the major cause of damage to the Atlantic world. Whatever it looks now, it is because pirates have done lots of destruction in that area. Their cruelties and inhuman activities last for almost thirteen years. It was all started in the end of 17th century and in the start of 18th century. Being accurate, it began in 1715 and ended up in 1728. It might not look a huge period to the listeners or readers but it was an era of ca lamities and disasters for all the victims around the Atlantic world. The piracy was so voguish in that epoch that in the history that time is termed as the Golden Age of Piracy. For pirates yes it was a very blissful and harmonious period of time when they achieved almost everything they aimed for. They gathered lots of gold, silver, and other treasures for them. They were very keen and focused towards their goal of being rich as early as possible. Therefore, they have adopted the shortest and illegal way to collect money for them. Now, let us explore what piracy truly is? And what were the major problems in the Atlantic history? In general terms, Piracy is an extremely criminal activity in which pirates plunder ships and communities around a certain area. The piracy executed in the Atlantic region is remembered even today and is considered as the most terrifying act of that eon. In that area, piracy was at its peak because there were lots of opportunities for this kind of inhuman activity. All the trade from the Europe to Africa went through this passage and pirates found it an excellent occasion for themselves. This trade between Europe and Africa has truly flourished piracy in its actual means. The pirates of that area were mostly belonged to Europe i.e. from Scotland, England, Wales, Ireland, and so on. Few of them were from Africa i.e. France, Portugal, Denmark, Belgium, Sweden, and so on. I think that is enough of what piracy is? Now let us bend the discussion of the paper towards the other side of story and that is what made these pirates, actually pirate? And also, why those people preferred piracy as their occupation and rejected all other reputable vocations? Generally, being a common man we just comment on what happened and do not think about why this happened. Whereas there is a valid reason behind everything, that is why whenever we talk about a crime, we should keep in mind that there are few things that should not be overlooked while considerin g anyone a criminal. Firstly, what is the mental condition of the person who has committed the crime? Secondly, what crime has been committed and in what scenarios? And last but not the least, the location where the crime has been committed? Though laws for all sorts of crimes are there and it does not accept these things but as we are human beings, we can think the other way and thus we should keep in mind these things while coming to any decision regarding any person. There were many reasons for which people of the Atlantic world have chosen piracy as their profession instead of doing otherwise. The later part of this

Lagal and Illegal Access to Personal Information Online Essay

Lagal and Illegal Access to Personal Information Online - Essay Example Where the computer era has devised numerous ways to work more quickly, efficiently, professionally and resourcefully, it has brought with it what we call cyber-crime -- misusing other people’s information without their permission and knowledge. The topic to be discussed here is about the risks and hazards of information being misused over the internet. The worst part about cyber-crime is that it is much easier to escape from it without revealing identity or improvising a false identity. The reason for it is, of course, the resourcefulness of the internet and the fact that it is away from any kind of physical presence. Moreover, it is very easy to replicate data on the internet to get involved in different kinds of crimes. With the increasing technological trends and movement towards cyber space so rapidly, it is inevitable that soon the cyber world will be dealt with a separate set of rules and regulation, laws and globalization. It is not long before divisions within the cybe r space will be dealt like a separate state just like physically existing country (Wall, 2007, p.10). What is needed here is that we deal with the dark side of moving towards technology in a way that we are safe from its harmful effects in the long run, that most people fail to realize at the moment. Thesis Statement An analysis of the reasons of internet crime along with its consequence leads to a technological challenge -- whether the harmful consequences outweigh the benefits of internet and what should be done to reduce crime involving unethical practices of hacking, identity theft, crime in e-commerce and social networking. Categories of Cyber Crime Cyber Crime is divided into many categories. These include spam, availability of obscene content, threats, misinformation, cyber terrorism and fraud. With such a huge variety of crime going on the internet, it becomes very easy to exploit the users (Brenner, 2010, p.8). The users also come into several categories, from amateurs to p rofessionals and naive people who do not realize the harmful implications that the usage of internet might cause. The greatest misuse of internet is taking place in the following domains: †¢ E-commerce   †¢ Social networking   †¢ Identity theft   †¢ Hacking   From amongst the above given domains, E-Commerce and Social Networking will be discussed in greater depth. E-Commerce is defines as exchange of goods and services over the internet involving Business transactions, buying and selling as well as the World Wide Web (Bushry, 2005, p.3). Social Networking refers to online networks that allow people to communicate over the internet and build social relations and broad networks ( Stenzel & Nesdahl, 2012 p.19). Identity Theft is the stealing of someone else’s identity and pretending to be someone else, impersonating to be another person or using their identity such as their name or credentials (Boyer, 2008, p.7). Hacking means to identify weaknesses i n other networks and take over their networks and later on, misuse them (Brenner, 2010, p.11). E-Commerce Electronic Commerce as defined above is a rapidly growing concept that allows exchange of good

Peter Waldo and the Waldesians Essay Example for Free

Peter Waldo and the Waldesians Essay The Waldesians, a small community of Christians, originated in Lyon, France in the12th century. According to the Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions they rejected the authority of the pope, prayers for the dead and the veneration of saints. Despite severe persecution and excommunication by the Roman Catholic church over many years they have survived to the present day and have churches in Germany, Italy and in both North and South America. Peter Waldo ( also known as Pierre ( 1160 -1318) is said to have made a fortune by working as a merchant and   by lending money as a usurer, according to ‘The Conversion of Peter Waldo’ an anonymous document of about 1218.    The writer records how, in about 1173 Peter Waldo of Lyon heard a troubadour telling a story. He was enthralled and invited the story teller to his home. Waldo was so affected by what he heard that next day he went to a school of theology and asked what he should do. He was told :- â€Å"If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell all that thou hast, ( Matthew 19 v 21) Waldo asked his wife which she would prefer to keep – his personal property or his real estate. She was not pleased at having to make any choice, but chose the real estate. He then placed his daughters in a convent and distributed the majority of his money, some to those he had misused, but most to the poor of the area. At that time there was a famine and several times each week he provided food for the people. The people thought he was mad. At the time of the Assumption of the blessed Virgin, casting some money among the village poor, he cried, No man can serve two masters, God and mammon. Then his fellow-citizens ran up, thinking he had lost his mind. But he said. :-   My fellow-citizens and friends, I not insane, as you think, but I am avenging myself on my enemies, who made me a slave, so that I was always more careful of money than of God, and served the creature rather than the Creator. I know that many will blame me that I act thus openly. But I do it both on my own account and on yours; on my own, so that those who see me henceforth possessing any money may say that I am mad, and on yours, that you may learn to place hope in God and not in riches. Waldo was very interested in the Bible and in 1160 paid for a translation of it into the Romance language. Waldo began to travel about preaching. H e and his companions were known as ’the poor men of Lyon’. The group promoted pacifism according to Kreider and Yoder in ‘The History of Christianity’. ( page 25). The idea of lay folk, many of them illiterate, living in simple poverty was approved by the papacy at the Third Lateran Council in 1179. The pope did however add the proviso that they obtain permission to preach from local church authorities. At this time Waldo’s ideas were in keeping with the Catholic church. Waldo and his followers, by their poverty showed up the laxity and worldliness of many in the church and in 1181 the Archbishop of Lyon banned them from preaching. In 1184 they were excommunicated by the pope. So what had begun as a popular movement had become heresy in a few years. Although a few former Waldesians were welcomed back into the church the response of the majority   was to establish their own church with all the organization that implies – deacons, priests and bishops. Later they would claim that they were the only true church. They quickly became established in Lombardy and Provence Outbursts by the hierarchy of the Catholic church against unlicensed preaching and the group’s refusal to acknowledge the authority and need for the intermediary role of the clergy only served to make them identify Roman Catholicism as ‘the Great Whore of Babylon’ and thus not worthy of acknowledgement. They considered at that time that the validity o f the sacrament depended upon the worthiness of the celebrant   and as they rejected the worthiness of Catholicism they rejected its priests and sacraments that they administered. Waldesians preferred to study the scriptures for themselves rather than have them interpreted for them by priests as was the rule a the time. Gradually they established churches in most parts of Europe an d became the most widespread of ‘heretic’ groups of the time. They rejected or re-interpreted Catholic sacraments. The eucharist was only celebrated annually and in theory anyone could administer it. The priest became simply ‘a good man’. Most feast days were rejected as not being Biblical . Because they could not find evidence for purgatory within the scriptures they rejected it together with the idea of prayers for the dead. Similar thinking led them to reject saints not mentioned in the Bible. Their ideas became mixed with that of other groups. In southern France for instance they mixed with the ideas of the Cathars. They were so oppressed that there was a crusade against them in 1488 according to Ronald Finucane the pope so feared   what he perceived as a threat to the stability o f the church that an attempt was made to destroy their whole culture. Organised attacks were made upon them in Provence and in Italy. The Waldesians would no t have fought back physically as they condemned war and the shedding of blood. By the time of the Reformation the Waldesians were in contact with many groups across Europe and there was consequently a great exchange of ideas. Many joined local Protestant churches. Gradually they were absorbed into the mainstream of the Protestant Reformation. Not without continued opposition however. In 1655 the Duke of Savoy for instance ordered members to take communion or sell their lands and leave his territory.   After hearing false reports twenty days later a massacre ensued. By this time the Waldesians were worshipping openly in French. In 1685 the king of France Louis XIV renounced the edit of Nantes and so made it illegal to be a Protestant in France. They were under penalty of death or banishment   if they refused to admit that they had been wrong. After the French Revolution the Protestants of Piedmont were finally given religious freedom to worship as they wished and in 1848, the king of Sardinia , who also ruled Savoy gave them full rights, both civil and religious. Today’s Waldesians consider themselves Protestants in the Calvin tradition. They accept the doctrines of mainstream Protestantism and celebrate only two sacraments – baptism and the Eucharist. Authority is exercised by a yearly synod and individual churches by the pastor and a council of members. This is perhaps far removed from one man giving away his wealth and life style for the gospels sake, but the Waldesian church has evolved as all churches do, while at the same time remaining true to its ideals of justice, freedom conscience, and respect for religious diversity. This is exemplified in the American Waldesian Aid Society who carry out such activities as earthquake relief, the care of orphans of war and give help to refugees as well as the formation of Italian language Protestant churches. The fact that they are now considered as a mainstream church can be seen by their close links with the Methodist church and their links with the ecumenical movement . The Waldesians may be numerically a small group,   as they always were , but they were the forerunners of Protestantism and so are worthy of their place in church history. Works cited American Waldesian Aid Society found at http://www.waldensian.org/aws01.php and retrieved 13th November 2007 Finucane,R. 1980, The Waldesians in The History of Chrsitianity, Lion Publishing, Hertfordshire. Goring R. ( editor)1992 Chambers Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions, Chambers, Edinburgh. Kreider, A and Yoder, J. 1980, Christians and War in The History of Christianity, Lion Publishing , Hertfordshire. Robinson, J.H.( translator) The Conversion of Peter Waldo found at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/waldo1.html and retrieved 14th November 2007 Waldesians   found at   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldensians#Later_history and retrieved 13th November 2007

Social action plans: drugs and alcohol

Social action plans: drugs and alcohol Table of Contents Background Objectives Proposed Actions Anticipated Outcomes Key roles and responsibilities Timelines and resources required Key risks Evaluation Method References Background Drugs and alcohol is a major social issue (J. David Hawkins, Richard F. Catalano, and Janet Y. Miller, 1992). It is not something that can be solved by the law (Lee P. Brown, 2008). Throughout history, many attempts have been made to try and legalize and control alcohol and drug addiction but has failed. It requires education, international awareness and a lot of work to resolve. Whilst alcohol and certain drugs are not illegal, the potential dangers are well documented. It is in many regards, worse of a problem than other social problems such as smoking. Not only does it create health problems, but creates a habit from a young age that is hard to avoid (Kabir Ayub, 2011). This affects families, schools and the larger part of society. It creates a burden for law enforcers, violence, accidents and a lot of other side-effects. Drugs and alcohol have especially been a major issue in NSW full of pubs and night life. Major incidents of violence at many locations have been recorded. The number of police officers required to monitor and deal with incidents have greatly increased since 2011. New laws, curfews and extreme measures had to be put in place (NSW Government, 2014). This shows that inaction is a major cost to society and is a major burden on the government and law enforcers. Local Christian Churches have been chosen to address the issue. Drugs and alcohol is an international social problem that is very hard to tackle. The local Christian communities serves as a good attempt to address problems in the local community. Studies have shown that peer influence is a major factor in drugs and alcohol abuse (Karl E. Bauman, Susan T. Ennett, 1996). The church will be able to put a positive influence back to society to help change this issue. The church (religion) is and has been a major influence to society. Religion helps shape lives. Objectives The key objectives in this action plan are to raise awareness about drugs and alcohol and to create a series of events to reduce the consumption of drugs and alcohol. In raising awareness of the adverse effects of drugs and alcohol, we hope to increase public understanding of what they are, the potential harm and the damage it has caused to our society. Local churches often run campaigns to promote Christianity and raise awareness of their religion. It would be viable for them to continue as is, but include flyers and other advertisements that target alcohol and drugs. Through a series of special events, such as alcohol free nights, we create incentives for those addicted to drugs and alcohol to attend and make it a habit to reduce consumption of drugs and alcohol. These events are aimed at providing the first steps for affected people to adjust to life without harmful substances. It is business as usual for local churches as they already run local community events. Running alcohol and drug themed campaigns fits in with their schedule and aim to promote and improve the greater community. For example, a family bbq gathering can include an extra clause of being alcohol exempt. The key theme is to use religion and the major influence of the church to shape lives, stop alcohol and drug abuse and to increase awareness. Proposed Actions Use of social media to link and highlight key media that raise awareness. Through official Facebook, Twitter and other accounts of the churches, social media is a strong platform to push information. Door to door knocking and handing out pamphlets is part of a Church’s day to day activities (Archie Poulos, 2010). Within the advertisements, the church can embed information on drugs and alcohol to further increase awareness. Anti-drug and anti-alcohol posters can be posted within the premise. Each time people visit the church they will be able to see these media items and gain awareness to the drug and alcohol problems. Preaches every Sunday can be used to influence the followers on reducing consumption of alcohol. Religion is known to have a major influence and the voice of god is very useful. Prayers will help those guilty of drugs and alcohol be persuaded to change and move away from these harmful substances. Alcohol and drug free events can be introduced as part of normal family events and gatherings. Prizes and other rewards can be introduced as an extra incentive. Families can get together and share their experiences. Anticipated Outcomes The anticipated outcome is increased awareness in drugs and alcohol. Social media activities such as Twitter and Facebook can easily be measured by likes, replies, retweets and other common statistics. This can provide numbers on the number of people have read and reacted to the postings. The local community will be more aware of its harmful effects. They will be able to spread this out to other local communities via word of mouth to further increase awareness. The community will be educated to stop alcohol/drugs based violence and help report/resolve any incidents. Parents will be able to educate their children to prevent the next generation early on. Another anticipated outcome is reduced consumption of drugs and alcohol. Alternatives such as soft drinks and replacements can take its place. Alcohol and drugs driven violence should be reduced. Families will increase in happiness. This will reduce load on the community and even local council/government. This means funding and resources can be better spent elsewhere and further improve lives. Key roles and responsibilities Within a church, many of the staff are volunteers, including the door knocking staff. Different staff will be required for each action point. The organization structure is rather flat. The media advisor will be in charge of coordinating the social media activities. They will be spreading the message via the church’s social media account. Door to door knocking events will coordinated by the normal door knocking organizer. Posters will be reviewed and signed off by the priest. Alcohol and drug free events will be reviewed by the events coordinator. Preaches and prayers will be reviewed by the priest. The key is to add extra roles and responsibilities to existing staff. Timelines and resources required The church anticipates that the promotional campaign will run for a month and based on feedback may be extended. Most of the action points are ongoing and will be held in part every Sunday as part of the Church gathering and extended events. Social media, posters and door knocking will be incorporated with day to day activities. The idea is to enhance and set the theme for the staff to work on – to add their current jobs. No extra resources are anticipated except a potential external graphics design company to create the promotional poster. All other efforts are conducted by current staff of the church, such as priests and other volunteers. Families are encouraged to help out as they normally would. Extra funding is anticipated and this will be sourced from the church’s annual budget. The church does not expect a huge burden on the budget. The staff may have to put in extra hours to meet the deadlines to get this kick-started. The local social worker can be contacted for further assistance and to attend special events to help the church out in assisting any attenders that do have actual problems in life with drugs and alcohol. Local doctors would also be a useful resource in helping with providing material and assisting with drug and alcohol effects on the body. Key risks A key risk in raising awareness about drugs and alcohol is that it may get some people that were previously never interested to try the mentioned products based on curiosity. Many people may be unwilling to identify themselves as an addict to drugs and/or alcohol. This may be due to peer pressure, family issues and others. This will make it difficult to convince these people to join the events created especially for them. Preaches may be seen as some as propaganda campaigns and a way to control and restrict an individual’s freedom. Care must be taken at the wording, how it is addressed and it must be linked back to Christianity. Lack of attendance or feedback may also be an issue. Over time people could be back to their old lifestyle. Evaluation Method An attendance count can be used to evaluate how many people are interested in the series of events. An anonymous informal survey can be used to further gauge the situation. This helps to evaluate how effective the proposed actions are and also direction for further action. A follow up survey months later can be used to see if lifestyle has changed. Informal discussions and interviews can be had to see what effects it has had on lifestyle of people. Social media feedback is the most evident and can generate huge discussions. There are many statistics used to measure the success of a social media campaign, such as the number of retweets. The local police stations can be contacted before and after to determine if the number of reported incidents related to drug and alcohol abuse has decreased. References Lee P. Brown, 2008, Two takes drugs are a major social problem we cannot legalize them, US News, 25th July, 10th May 2014, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2008/07/25/two-takes-drugs-are-a-major-social-problem-we-cannot-legalize-them Kabir Ayub, 2011, Drug addiction: A Social Problem!, 24th March, 10th May 2014, http://pamirtimes.net/2011/03/24/addiction-a-social-problem/ NSW Government, 2014, New measures rolled out to target drug and alcohol fuelled violence, 21st February, 10th May 2014, http://www.nsw.gov.au/news/new-measures-rolled-out-target-drug-and-alcohol-fuelled-violence J. David Hawkins, Richard F. Catalano, and Janet Y. Miller, Risk and Protective Factors for Alcohol and Other Drug Problems in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: Implications for Substance Abuse Prevention, Psychological Bulletin Vol 112, 1992, 10th May 2014, http://adai.washington.edu/confederation/2008readings/Catalano_86.pdf Karl E. Bauman, Susan T. Ennett, On the importance of peer influence for adolescent drug use: commonly neglected considerations, Vol 91, Issue 2, pages 185-198 Archie Poulos, 2010, Doorknocking is fun?, 25th Match, 10th May 2014, http://sydneyanglicans.net/blogs/churchlife/doorknocking_is_fun Social Action Plan: Group Name Social Action plan: Team members: Description of the Issue: 1 | Page

The Relationship between the People and the Land in Willa Cathers O Pi

The Relationship between the People and the Land in Willa Cather's O Pioneers       'For the first time, perhaps, since that land emerged from the waters of the geologic ages, a human face was set toward it with love and yearning' This quotation cuts straight to the heart of Willa Cather's whole argument throughout O Pioneers!, which is that it is Alexandra Bergson's will to survive and continually adapt which makes her successful -the facts that her neighbours are unwilling to take up new ideas and technologies, they are unwilling to gamble, and, worse, unwilling to listen to those whose relationship with the landscape is harmonious and respectful (such as that of Ivar), mark them down as part of the legacy of ignorant, unadventurous past. Alexandra is not content with a position such as Ivar's, though; she does not seek to subsume herself into nature, but to respectfully co-exist with it until she can in a greater development tame it. Whereas Ivar merely wishes to leave no mark, she has more controversial ideas. It is this which marks her out as something special; she was born with the fiery imagination of the true pioneer, born to prosper in "the struggle in which [she] was destined to succeed w hile so many men broke their hearts and died" (page 46). If she is so destined to succeed, she must similary be destined to make her mark on society of the time, on its established traditions, and sweep them aside in order for a brighter world vision to take their place.    There is overwhelming evidence presented by Cather for the inability of American society to coexist harmoniously with the individualist immigrant; they can accept only those who are willing to subscribe to the conformist doctrine ... ...ndra's face "there was that exalted serenity that sometimes came to her at moments of deep feeling." (page 170) She has 'clear eyes' (same page), with the inference being that she sees clearly now above all other times of realisation. It follows from her life and story that the land is a metaphor for nature, which is intrinsically bound up in the experience of human life.    BIBLIOGRAPHY: O Pioneers, Willa Cather, Oxford University Press, 1999. The Landscape and the Looking Glass: Willa Cather's Search for Value, John H. Randall III, Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, The Riverside Press Cambridge, 1960. FOOTNOTES: All quotes taken from the set text unless otherwise noted. 1. Back cover copy of O Pioneers! 2. Randall, page 68 3. Randall, page 291 4. Randall, page 20 5. Randall, page 72 6. Randall, page 67    The Relationship between the People and the Land in Willa Cather's O Pi The Relationship between the People and the Land in Willa Cather's O Pioneers       'For the first time, perhaps, since that land emerged from the waters of the geologic ages, a human face was set toward it with love and yearning' This quotation cuts straight to the heart of Willa Cather's whole argument throughout O Pioneers!, which is that it is Alexandra Bergson's will to survive and continually adapt which makes her successful -the facts that her neighbours are unwilling to take up new ideas and technologies, they are unwilling to gamble, and, worse, unwilling to listen to those whose relationship with the landscape is harmonious and respectful (such as that of Ivar), mark them down as part of the legacy of ignorant, unadventurous past. Alexandra is not content with a position such as Ivar's, though; she does not seek to subsume herself into nature, but to respectfully co-exist with it until she can in a greater development tame it. Whereas Ivar merely wishes to leave no mark, she has more controversial ideas. It is this which marks her out as something special; she was born with the fiery imagination of the true pioneer, born to prosper in "the struggle in which [she] was destined to succeed w hile so many men broke their hearts and died" (page 46). If she is so destined to succeed, she must similary be destined to make her mark on society of the time, on its established traditions, and sweep them aside in order for a brighter world vision to take their place.    There is overwhelming evidence presented by Cather for the inability of American society to coexist harmoniously with the individualist immigrant; they can accept only those who are willing to subscribe to the conformist doctrine ... ...ndra's face "there was that exalted serenity that sometimes came to her at moments of deep feeling." (page 170) She has 'clear eyes' (same page), with the inference being that she sees clearly now above all other times of realisation. It follows from her life and story that the land is a metaphor for nature, which is intrinsically bound up in the experience of human life.    BIBLIOGRAPHY: O Pioneers, Willa Cather, Oxford University Press, 1999. The Landscape and the Looking Glass: Willa Cather's Search for Value, John H. Randall III, Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, The Riverside Press Cambridge, 1960. FOOTNOTES: All quotes taken from the set text unless otherwise noted. 1. Back cover copy of O Pioneers! 2. Randall, page 68 3. Randall, page 291 4. Randall, page 20 5. Randall, page 72 6. Randall, page 67   

History of Belize :: Essays Papers

History of Belize Mayan civilization flourished in what is now called Belize between 300 and 600 AD, but had collapsed around 900 AD. By the time the Spanish arrived in the mid 16th century there were few Mayans left, and their buildings had already become ruins. Although the Spanish explorers laid claim over the area, the first permanent European settlement was established by shipwrecked English seamen in 1638. The English settlers’ raided Spanish ships while Spain retaliated with repeated attacks on the settlers, but in 1763 Spain granted the British settlements the right to begin logging. British administrators governed the area from 1786 which caused a rift between Spain and Britain. England won control over the land at the Battle of St. George’s Caye in 1798, and with the Treaty of Amiens of 1802, Spain recognized British sovereignty. British law began to uphold as of 1840 and the area was eventually declared a crown colony in 1862 known as British Honduras. The United Kingdom’s main interest in Belize was purely economic. In the mid 17th century the African Slave Trade was introduced as a source of labor for forestry which continued to be the main enterprise until it was eventually supplanted by sugar. Although slavery in the British colonies was abolished progressively between 1833 and 1838, many early immigrants came from the West Indies. The only way England was able to farm British Honduras was by shipping massive amounts of immigrants to the country in order to be part of the working class. England’s economic interests in British Honduras pushed for a large mixed immigrant population, which ended up allowing the area to become populated by many interracial children. Although there were few British settlers that stayed on the island, interracial mixing began to develop due to the large population of Africans that came over as slaves and with a few original Amerindian or Mayan inhabitants. People of wha t is now known as Belize can be referred to by different ethnicities known as; Mestizos (mix of Mayan and European descent) and Garifuna or ‘Black Caribs’ (mix of Amerindian and African blood), and Creole (mixture of white and black), but the most predominant race that remains since the 17th century up till today are Black.